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| doctoral_students = | known_for = | awards = | spouse = }} Andrew Mattei Gleason (November 4, 1921 – October 17, 2008) was an American mathematician who as a young World War II naval officer broke German and Japanese military codes, then over the succeeding sixty years made fundamental contributions to widely varied areas of mathematics, including the solution of Hilbert's fifth problem, and was a leader in reform and innovation in teaching at all levels.〔name="mactutor">〕〔.〕 Gleason's theorem in quantum logic and the Greenwood–Gleason graph, an important example in Ramsey theory, are named for him. Gleason's entire academic career was at Harvard, from which he retired in 1992. His numerous academic and scholarly leadership posts included chairmanship of the Harvard Mathematics Department and Harvard Society of Fellows, and presidency of the American Mathematical Society. He continued to advise the United States government on cryptographic security, and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on education for children, almost until the end of his life. Gleason won the Newcomb Cleveland Prize in 1952 and the Gung–Hu Distinguished Service Award of the American Mathematical Society in 1996. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and of the American Philosophical Society, and held the Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard. He was fond of saying that "really aren't there to convince you that something is truethey're there to show you why it is true."〔name=mmp/> The ''Notices of the American Mathematical Society'' called him "one of the quiet giants of twentieth-century mathematics, the consummate professor dedicated to scholarship, teaching, and service in equal measure."〔 ==Biography== Gleason was born in Fresno, California, the youngest of three children; his father Henry Gleason was a botanist and a member of the Mayflower Society, and his mother was the daughter of Swiss-American winemaker Andrew Mattei.〔〔 His older brother Henry, Jr. became a linguist.〔 〕 He grew up in Bronxville, New York, where his father was the curator of the New York Botanical Garden.〔name="mmp"> . 〕〔 After briefly attending Berkeley High School (Berkeley, California)〔 he graduated from Roosevelt High School in Yonkers, winning a scholarship to Yale University.〔 Though Gleason's mathematics education had gone only so far as some self-taught calculus, Yale mathematician William Raymond Longley urged him to try a course in mechanics normally for juniors. One month later he enrolled in a differential equations course ("mostly full of seniors") as well. When Einar Hille temporarily replaced the regular instructor, Gleason found Hille's style "unbelievably different ... He had a view of mathematics that was just vastly different ... That was a very important experience for me. So after that I took a lot of courses from Hille", including graduate real analysis in his sophomore year. "Starting with that course with Hille, I began to have some sense of what mathematics is about."〔 While at Yale he competed three times (1940, 1941 and 1942) in the recently founded William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, always placing among the top five entrants in the country (making him the second three-time Putnam Fellow).〔.〕 After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor during his senior year, Gleason applied for a commission in the US Navy,〔name="secret-life">. 〕 and on graduation joined the team working to break Japanese naval codes.〔 (Others on this team included his future collaborator Robert E. Greenwood and Yale professor Marshall Hall, Jr.)〔 He also collaborated with British researchers attacking the German Enigma cipher; Alan Turing, who spent substantial time with Gleason while visiting Washington, called him "the brilliant young Yale graduate mathematician" in a report of his visit.〔 In 1946, at the recommendation of Navy colleague Donald Howard Menzel, Gleason was appointed a Junior Fellow at Harvard. An early goal of the Junior Fellows program was to allow young scholars showing extraordinary promise to sidestep the lengthy PhD process; four years later Harvard appointed Gleason an assistant professor of mathematics,〔 though he was almost immediately recalled to Washington for cryptographic work related to the Korean War.〔 He returned to Harvard in the fall of 1952, and soon after published the most important in his series of results on Hilbert's fifth problem (see below). Harvard awarded him tenure the following year.〔〔〔 In January 1959 he married Jean Berko〔 whom he had met at a party featuring the music of Tom Lehrer.〔name="lww">. 〕 Berko, a psycholinguist, worked for many years at Boston University.〔 They had three daughters. In 1969 Gleason took the Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, the oldest (est. 1727) scientific endowed professorship in the US.〔〔.〕 He retired from Harvard in 1992 but remained active in service to Harvard (as chair of the Society of Fellows, for example)〔 and to mathematics: in particular, promoting the Harvard Calculus Reform Project〔. 〕 and working with the Massachusetts Board of Education.〔 He died in 2008 from complications following surgery.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Andrew M. Gleason」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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